Then-House candidate Troy Downing walks off stage during a campaign rally for Donald Trump in Bozeman on Friday, Aug. 9, 2024. Credit: Rick Bowmer / The Associated Press

This story is excerpted from Capitolized, a weekly politics newsletter featuring expert reporting, analysis and insight. Want to see Capitolized in your inbox every Thursday? Sign up here. 


With time running out for new bills to be heard in Congress, U.S. Rep. Troy Downing is taking a run at denying HUD funding for โ€œsanctuary cities,โ€ a move that shoots an unmistakable side-eye at several Montana communities that have limited local police cooperation with ICE agents.

The Eastern District representativeโ€™s bill would deny federal housing funding to communities that donโ€™t share information about immigrants with federal officers, or that donโ€™t detain people arrested by immigration agents.

โ€œIf a city refuses to cooperate with federal immigration law, it should not receive a dime in HUD funding,โ€ Downing said on social media. 

The Republican lawmaker did not respond to questions from Montana Free Press about how the bill would have affected Helena, which passed a noncooperation resolution earlier this year, then rescinded the policy after Attorney General Austin Knudsen threatened to sue.

In April, Knudsen accused the Gallatin County Attorneyโ€™s Office of improperly withholding confidential criminal justice information from federal immigration authorities. He later took control of the office, a move currently under review by Montanaโ€™s Supreme Court.

Six in 10 Montanans support local police working with ICE, according to MTFP polling. Still, communities have rallied support around residents taken into custody.

Montana has a state law that prohibits cities from giving refuge to undocumented immigrants. Knudsen and Gov. Greg Gianforte emphasized at a press conference earlier this year that community policies opposing ICE violate state law.

Attorney General Austin Knudsen, flanked by Gov. Greg Gianforte at a press conference at the state Capitol Feb. 11, holds a copy of Helena City Resolution 21062, passed Jan. 26, 2026, which restricts how Helena City Police interact with federal immigration officials. Screenshot from press conference livestream on Gov. Greg Gianforteโ€™s Facebook page.

Other Montana communities take the position that immigration enforcement isnโ€™t the job of local police. Bozeman police focus on public safety and law enforcement, not immigration. Similarly, Missoula police donโ€™t ask about immigration status during interactions with the public and donโ€™t enforce immigration law.

However, a half dozen Montana counties have signed 287(g) assistance agreements with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Flathead and Gallatin counties have โ€œwarrant service officer agreementsโ€ allowing trained state and local police to serve warrants on individuals already held in jail or prison. The Montana Department of Corrections also has a warrant service agreement with the feds. Carter, Garfield and Treasure counties have โ€œtask force model agreementsโ€ to question, detain and arrest people for immigration violations during routine policing.

The odds of Downingโ€™s bill getting a vote before the end of the year are slim, with the House having only 30 scheduled days of work for the remainder of the year. 

Downing is up for reelection Nov. 3 in Montanaโ€™s Eastern Congressional District. 

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Tom Lutey has covered politics and investigations for Montana Free Press since 2024. He is also the author of Capitolized, MTFP's political newsletter. Originally from southwest Montana, Tom has written about the West for 30 years, mostly from Montana and Washington. He has covered legislatures, Congress, courts, energy, agriculture and the occasional militia group. He is a collector of documents and a devotee of the long game. He's happy to help with records requests. He can be reached at [email protected].