About four in five registered voters say cost of living and affordability issues are very important in helping them decide who to vote for, according to a Montana Free Press-Eagleton poll of registered voters conducted in late August and early September.
So, with the 2026 midterm election a month away, MTFP asked Montana’s candidates for federal office how they would address residents’ concerns about paying for day-to-day expenses.
According to the poll, Montana voters were most concerned about being able to afford housing, healthcare, gas and groceries.
Transportation costs, including gasoline, topped that list, with about two-thirds of respondents reporting some level of difficulty with transportation expenses. The price of gasoline has spiked since the start of the U.S. war with Iran in late February. And a premium on diesel — the result of conflict in the Middle East and the war between Russia and Ukraine — means higher costs for truckers and agricultural producers.
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Cost of living leads Montana voter concerns in new poll
With a midterm election on the horizon, Montana voters say kitchen-table issues such as the cost of living and the economy will influence their ballot choices most, according to a Montana Free Press-Rutgers Eagleton Poll. Living expenses were identified by 80% of voters as very important in determining whom to vote for, making the cost of living the most widely shared priority among more than 800 voters randomly selected from Montana’s registered voter file.
The percentage of voters reporting some level of difficulty affording housing, groceries and gas has risen since spring, when an MTFP-Eagleton poll fielded a similar question about affordability.
The issue’s political significance was not specific to any one party, either. About 86% of Democrats said it was “very important.” About 85% of independents and 71% of Republicans felt the same way.
Nine Montana candidates are running in two races for U.S. House and one for U.S. Senate. We asked all of them the same question:
- Give us the specifics on three actions you can take in Congress to lower the cost of living, including fuel costs. Tell us why these three things stand a chance of passing.
For the sake of fairness and equal time, we asked the candidates to limit their responses to 300 words. Their answers have not been edited.
U.S. SENATE
KURT ALME, REPUBLICAN

Montanans tell me they’re struggling to make ends meet. Everything from gas and groceries to health care and housing costs too much. As Senator, making life more affordable will be my top priority.
I will fight to rein in Washington’s reckless spending to lower inflation to make groceries and everything more affordable, and to lower mortgage rates so more Montana families can afford a home. I’d start where I’ve already delivered results as a federal prosecutor: stopping fraud. I’m ready to hit the ground running on rooting out the waste, fraud, and abuse that’s helping bankrupt our country.
I’ll fight to keep taxes low, so hardworking Montana families can keep more of their paychecks. Unlike my two liberal opponents, I’ll protect the Working Families Tax Cuts Act, which delivered the largest tax cut ever, including tax cuts on Social Security, tips, and overtime.
I’ll fight to cut red tape to create good-paying jobs, help build more housing, and produce more energy so we can bring down prices.
I’ll work to unleash responsible energy production of all types. All-of-the-above energy policies lower energy costs and lower prices on every shelf. More energy production creates more good-paying Montana jobs that families can rely on to make ends meet and even get ahead. Energy security is national security. We can’t afford to depend on other countries for our energy needs.
As Montana’s former Budget Director and Revenue Director, I have the experience to get these things done. I’m the only candidate in this race who has cut taxes, balanced our state budget, and helped make Montana debt-free. That’s the record I’ll bring to Washington to make life more affordable for Montanans. And I’ll work with anyone on these commonsense policies to deliver results.
KYLE AUSTIN, LIBERTARIAN

The first action I would take is to reform energy permitting. I would establish clear deadlines, coordinate agency reviews, and speed decisions on pipelines, refineries, power plants, transmission lines, renewable energy projects, and critical-mineral development. Faster, predictable permitting would help expand reliable domestic energy supplies, modernize the electrical grid, and reduce the delays that add to gasoline, diesel, and utility costs. I would also preserve meaningful environmental review and public input.
The second action I would take would be to cut excessive federal regulations. I would require agencies to identify outdated, duplicative, or unnecessarily costly rules and replace them with simpler, results-based standards. I would also require agencies to consider the combined burden that regulations place on small businesses, farmers, manufacturers, transportation companies, and energy producers. I would maintain sensible health, safety, and environmental protection while reducing unnecessary compliance costs that make essential goods and services more expensive.
The third action I would take is to eliminate tariffs with trusted world allies. I would reduce or remove tariffs on goods and materials imported from allied nations, including energy products, metals, machinery, vehicle parts, and fertilizer. Tariffs often operate like taxes that raise costs for American consumers and businesses. I would pursue reciprocal trade agreements with our allies to lower prices, strengthen supply chains, expand market access for U.S. producers, and reduce dependence on hostile countries.
Together, I believe these steps would increase supply, improve competition, lower production and transportation costs, and give American families more room in their budgets. These three actions have a great chance of success in passing congress because they are common sense approach strategies to getting our economy back on track and not forgetting about healthcare along the way.
ALANI BANKHEAD, DEMOCRAT

1. Put the tariff power back in Congress. Montana families pay the 6th-highest grocery bills in the country, about $9,300 a year. On-again, off-again tariffs made that worse, and when other countries retaliated, our farmers and ranchers lost their overseas buyers. I’d review every tariff country by country, keep the ones that stop real cheating, drop the ones that just raise prices, and require a vote of Congress before any across-the-board tariff takes effect. Why it can pass: in February the Supreme Court ruled that this power belongs to Congress, and farm-state members of both parties have watched their growers lose markets.
2. End the war with Iran that is pushing fuel prices higher. Montana gas has climbed from about $2.75 before the war to around $4.60, and diesel is over $6. In a state this big, fuel is in everything: the commute, the harvest, the trucks that stock our grocery shelves. Why it can pass: the Senate voted to end this war in June, and the latest attempt failed by a single vote on Sept. 24. One seat can change that.
3. Make a home cheaper to buy and cheaper to leave. Montana home values rose 66% in four years while incomes rose 26%. I’d pass the More Homes on the Market Act, which raises the capital-gains exclusion on a home sale so longtime owners aren’t taxed for moving and more homes open up for young families. I’d expand the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit and charge the big investment funds buying up single-family homes by the hundreds, putting that money into down-payment help. Why it can pass: more than 20 senators from both parties already cosponsor the More Homes on the Market Act, including Montana’s own Steve Daines.
SETH BODNAR, INDEPENDENT

Right now our political system is so broken and corrupt that nothing gets done while life gets more expensive for all of us.
First, we need to end the wars: the war in Iran that is costing taxpayers billions and jacking up prices on gas and fertilizer, and the trade war hurting our farmers, ranchers, small businesses, and consumers. Second, we need immediate action to lower health care costs: expand Medicare’s power to negotiate drug prices, reinstate the ACA tax credits, and defend Medicaid expansion, which has helped keep every rural hospital in Montana open. Third, we need aggressive action to make housing more affordable: cut red tape, create incentives to encourage building more housing, and strengthen the new rules stopping private equity firms from buying up single-family homes so we keep houses in the hands of Montana families.
I know these policies can get done because everywhere I go across our state, I hear from Montanans who are disgusted with the corrupt politics of Washington, DC and they are ready for change. Politicians go to D.C. and fight for their political party, not for us. They pit us against each other, distract us with culture wars, and get rich off the corruption they enable instead of solving problems our families face every day.
I’m running as an Independent to end all that, and I’ll never answer to a political party. I’ll fight on my first day in the Senate to ban stock trading by members of Congress, get dark money out of our elections, and stop Big Tech and other corporate monopolies from exploiting us.
By fixing the system and breaking the hold partisan Party bosses have on DC, we can lower costs and actually get things done again. As Montana’s Independent Senator, that’s exactly what I’ll do.
U.S. HOUSE, WESTERN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
AARON FLINT, REPUBLICAN

Montanans are working harder than ever but still falling behind. These are practical steps that I will work on day one to make the Montana dream affordable again.
First, we need to end the war in Iran. I would press the President to bring the war to a speedy and conclusive end that eliminates the terrorist threat and reopens the global energy trade. But thank God we have a president who is committed to American energy because under Democrat policies gas prices would be double this. Back here at home, we need to speed up federal permits for American energy production, refineries, and the pipelines that move fuel to market. Bipartisan permitting reform has already passed the House once. I would support it again.
Second, I would introduce legislation to help schools offer shop classes and connect students with training in local businesses: a shop class in every school or a classroom in every shop. We cannot build enough homes without enough skilled workers. Together with a revitalized timber industry and cuts to government regulations that account for 30% of a new home’s price, we can increase housing supply, driving down home prices. That would help offset the higher property taxes my opponent lobbied for while giving young Montanans a path to good-paying jobs close to home. Career and technical education has won support from both parties before, and I believe it can again.
Third, I would vote to ensure every illegal alien is deported from Montana. My opponent wants to raise taxes on Americans to pay for free healthcare and housing for illegal aliens. Countless rental homes in Bozeman, Missoula, and Kalispell are being taken by people who have no legal right to be here, boxing out working-class Montanans. Deporting illegals will bring housing and healthcare costs down.
SAM FORSTAG, DEMOCRAT

The stories I hear from Montanans who are struggling just to afford the basics are more than heartbreaking, they’re outrageous. We’re a country that’s led the world, but we have elderly Montanans being forced onto the streets and a generation of Montanans who can’t conceive of affording a house or childcare. In Congress I’ll work with whoever it takes to pass legislation ensuring every Montanan can work one job and afford the basics.
We’re in a housing crisis, and my top priority will be passing legislation to deliver the investments & reforms we need to tackle it. We do that by expanding investments in programs like CDBG and models like community land trusts to build housing working people can afford, incentivizing reforms to make that housing easier and cheaper to build, and banning out-of-state corporations from buying up homes and mobile home lots and jacking up rents.
Second, let’s give every American the choice to join Medicare and expand that coverage to make it comprehensive & free for working-class Montanans. Private health insurance corporations’ side of the system is broken, so let’s make them compete.
Third, both parties’ greed and cowardice has Social Security on track to cut benefits by $484/person in just 6 years. Let’s prevent that by scrapping the cap on contributions that currently leaves anyone making more than $184,500/year paying a lower share of their income than the bottom 94% of us.
Lastly, we can lower fuel costs by returning to constitutional order and passing a war powers resolution to wind down this foolish war with Iran that’s jacking up our fuel costs. Instead of $1 billion/day for war, let’s use that money to restore the 28,000 VA jobs that were cut last year while Aaron Flint cheered from his recording studio.
NICK SHEEDY, LIBERTARIAN

Sheedy did not respond to MTFP’s question. He did respond to a pre-primary candidate questionnaire about affordability — “Identify options or strategies available to federal officeholders to address home ownership and cost of living in Montana.” — as recorded in MTFP’s Election Guide:
The most important thing that federal officeholders can do to address home ownership and cost of living in Montana and across the country is monetary reform that does not allow the value of our currency to be eroded continually. We should end the Federal Reserve and the federal banking cartel that has destroyed the value of the US Dollar with continual inflationary policies, money-supply controls and interest rate manipulation. The US Constitution grants Congress the exclusive authority to coin money, regulate the value of money in the United States, and regulate the value of foreign money. Congress cannot divest itself of a constitutional power or delegate this authority to any other branch of government, much less a quasi-public entity with very little accountability to Congress or the American people.
U.S. HOUSE, EASTERN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
TROY DOWNING, REPUBLICAN

Downing did not respond to MTFP’s question. He did respond to a pre-primary candidate questionnaire about affordability — “Identify options or strategies available to federal officeholders to address home ownership and cost of living in Montana.” — as recorded in MTFP’s Election Guide:
In Congress, I’ve taken a practical, supply-focused approach to improving housing access and supporting homeownership. By introducing the Whole-Home Repairs Act to help families afford critical repairs, preserve existing housing stock, and keep Montanans in their homes. I’ve also supported policies that expand access to capital and reduce regulatory barriers that make it harder to build new housing. Increasing supply and encouraging responsible development are essential to improving affordability. I have also introduced a bipartisan bill to reauthorize the Native American Housing Assistance and Self Determination Act (NAHASDA) to make sure that Indian Country is not forgotten in our national discussions on housing. My focus is on real solutions, protecting existing homes, supporting new construction, and ensuring more Montanans have the opportunity to achieve the American Dream of homeownership.
MICHAEL EISENHAUER, INDEPENDENT

First, increase American energy supply and speed up permitting. I will support faster, predictable permitting for responsible oil and gas development, pipelines, transmission and other reliable energy projects. Increasing domestic supply and diversifying our energy sources will reduce price volatility and help lower fuel and electricity costs. I like the concept of small modular nuclear reactors; they are clean and durable. All of this can be done while still protecting environmental interests. End this illegitimate and illegal war in the Middle-East.
Second, reduce unnecessary federal regulations and costs. I will push for a strategic and bipartisan review of regulations that add substantial costs without providing comparable public benefits. Congress should and can eliminate expensive or duplicative regulations. Lower costs for businesses can mean lower prices for families. This also facilitates research and development broadly and in many sectors.
Third, lower healthcare and prescription-drug costs. I will support greater competition among drug manufacturers, increased price transparency, and reforms that reduce unnecessary administrative costs and prior-authorization burdens. Pharmacy benefit managers must be curtailed.
Healthcare is one of the largest expenses facing Montana families, businesses, and taxpayers.
These actions are doable and passable, because they are practical and easily understood cost-of-living issues rather than partisan talking points. Energy production and permitting has broad support. Cutting unnecessary regulations appeals to both small businesses and consumers. And reducing healthcare and prescription costs is an issue that both Republicans and Democrats regularly campaign on.
As an Independent, I will not go to Congress to be controlled by party bosses. Instead, I will work hard to build bipartisan coalitions and look for opportunities to incorporate these reforms into larger bills that have a realistic path to passage. But first, each must be grounded demonstrable benefit. Legislation for the sake of legislation has no purpose.
PATRICK McCRACKEN, LIBERTARIAN

I do not view the Ukraine or Iran conflicts as existential threats to US sovereignty and therefore do not think we should be funding them in any way. These two wars have directly affected worldwide refining capacity and decreased the global supply of crude oil and natural gas. We live in a global system with dynamic supply chains, so this has increased our fuel costs here in the US. Disrupted fertilizer supply chains are raising input costs for farmers, and we should expect higher food prices next year.
War is the root cause of our current wave of inflation.
End the wars.
Any member of the House, regardless of seniority, can introduce a war powers resolution with privileged, fast track status. I will do so on day one.
Why it can pass: The House has passed one three times this year. The Senate is two votes away.
When the defense spending bill comes up, I will offer a limitation amendment so that none of the funds may be used for military operations against Iran or military aid to Ukraine except those that defend U.S. troops from imminent attack during withdrawal.
Why it can pass: A president can veto a resolution, but he can’t fight a war Congress won’t fund. The war powers votes show Congress’s intent. This amendment is the teeth.
Congress has given up on balancing budgets and leans on the Federal Reserve to make borrowing cheap for wars of choice, to the detriment of the taxpaying citizen. We are $40 trillion in debt and growing.
Montanans are paying a war tax through inflation, and the Federal Reserve is the linchpin. I will reintroduce the Federal Reserve Transparency Act early and often.
Why it can pass: When it reached the floor in 2012 and 2014, it passed.
BRIAN MILLER, DEMOCRAT

To lower fuel costs, we need to take these three actions: 1) end our engagement in the Middle East and bring our military back home (this would allow the Strait of Hormuz to open again and reduce tensions in that area of the world); 2) take away all of the subsidies for the oil industries, and use those subsidies to pay for gas taxes instead of making consumers pay those; and 3) claw back the extreme profits that the oil industry has recently made and use that money to provide stimulus checks to mid and lower income Americans.
To be honest, these things wouldn’t stand a chance of passing right now because Congress is so corrupt and run by special interests that don’t care about the people. Congressman Downing is a great example of this. He doesn’t care what happens to any of us. He’s a millionaire from Bozeman who couldn’t care less if the people of Montana suffer. And, unfortunately, the elites the run both parties in Washington, D.C., generally take the same attitude. However, there are many of us in the Democratic Party who do not feel that way and want to put the people first again. So, introducing these types of measures and fighting for them, are the types of things that can change hearts and minds. With rank and file Democrats, including candidates like me, there is a chance of getting these things done. But not enough of us are in power right now. I, and others who are old school democrats in the Eastern District of Montana, are trying to change that.
However, if we see a major economic collapse — which could very well happen — then even the elites in the Democratic Party in D.C. will go for this kind of thing.
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